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Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Document Title
Long-Term Dynamic Changes in Hybrid Immunity over Six Months after Inactivated and Adenoviral Vector Vaccination in Individuals with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Author
Suntronwong N. Kanokudom S. Auphimai C. Thongmee T. Assawakosri S. Vichaiwattana P. Yorsaeng R. Duangchinda T. Chantima W. Pakchotanon P. Nilyanimit P. Srimuan D. Thatsanathorn T. Sudhinaraset N. Wanlapakorn N. Poovorawan Y.
Affiliations
Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Center of Excellence in Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeleton Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Thai Red Cross Society Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Molecular Biology of Dengue and Flaviviruses Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC) National Science and Development Agency NSTDA Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand; Division of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue and Emerging Pathogens Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University Bangkok 10700 Thailand; The Royal Society of Thailand (FRS(T)) Sanam Sueapa Dusit Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
Vaccines
ISSN
2076393X
Year
2024
Volume
12
Issue
2
Open Access
All Open Access Gold
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI
10.3390/vaccines12020180
Abstract
Numerous studies have largely focused on short-term immunogenicity in recovered individuals post mRNA vaccination. However understanding the long-term durability particularly in inactivated and adenoviral vectored vaccines remains limited. We evaluated antibody responses omicron variant neutralization and IFN-? responses in 119 previously infected individuals vaccinated with CoronaVac or ChAdOx1 up to six months post-vaccination. Both vaccines elicited robust immune responses in recovered individuals surpassing those who were infection-na?ve and these persisted above pre-vaccination levels for six months. However antibody levels declined over time (geometric mean ratio (GMR) = 0.52 for both vaccines). Notably neutralizing activities against omicron declined faster in ChAdOx1 (GMR = 0.6) compared to CoronaVac recipients (GMR = 1.03). While the first dose of ChAdOx1 adequately induced immune responses in recovered individuals a second dose demonstrated advantages in omicron variant neutralization and slower decline. Although both vaccines induced T cell responses the median IFN-? level at six months returned to pre-vaccination levels. However more individuals exhibited reactive T cell responses. Extending the interval (13� months) between infection and vaccination could enhance antibody levels and broaden neutralization. Together these findings demonstrate a robust humoral and cellular response that was sustained for at least six months after vaccination thus guiding optimal vaccination strategies based on prior infection and vaccine platforms. ? 2024 by the authors.
Keyword
ChAdOx1 | CoronaVac | COVID-19 | durability | Hybrid immunity | long-term follow-up | omicron | previous infection | SARS-CoV-2
Industrial Classification
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 1
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 2
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 3
License
CC BY
Rights
Authors
Publication Source
WOS