-
Enhancing Glucose Biosensing with Graphene Oxide and Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine)
- Back
Document Title
Enhancing Glucose Biosensing with Graphene Oxide and Ferrocene-Modified Linear Poly(ethylenimine)
Author
Monkrathok J., Janphuang P., Suphachiaraphan S., Kampaengsri S., Kamkaew A., Chansaenpak K., Lisnund S., Blay V., Pinyou P.
Affiliations
School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand; National Laboratory Animal Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
Vaccines
ISSN
2076393X
Year
2024
Volume
12
Issue
3
Open Access
All Open Access, Gold
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI
10.3390/vaccines12030324
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the main causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) that profoundly impacts the swine industry worldwide. While most of the commercial PCV vaccines are developed based on PCV genotype 2a (PCV2a), PCV genotype 2b (PCV2b) has become predominant since 2003. In this study, we developed and evaluated DNA-based bivalent vaccines covering both PCV2a and PCV2b. We generated a new immunogen, PCV2b-2a, by combining consensus sequences of the PCV2a and PCV2b capsid proteins (Cap2a and Cap2b) in a form of fusion protein. We also examined whether modifications of the PCV2b-2a fusion protein with a signal sequence (SS) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) fusing with interleukine-4 (IL-4) (GI) could further improve the vaccine immunogenicity. An immunogenicity study of BALB/cAJcl mice revealed that the DNA vector pVAX1 co-expressing PCV2b-2a and GI (pVAX1.PCV2b-2a-GI) was most potent at inducing both antibody and cellular immune responses against Cap2a and Cap2b. Interestingly, the vaccines skewed the immune response towards Th1 phenotype (IgG2a > IgG1). By performing ELISA and ELISpot with predicted epitope peptides, the three most immunogenic B cell epitopes and five putative T cell epitopes were identified on Cap2a and Cap2b. Importantly, our DNA vaccines elicited broad immune responses recognizing both genotype-specific and PCV2-conserved epitopes. Sera from mice immunized with the DNAs expressing PCV2b-2a and PCV2b-2a-GI significantly inhibited PCV2a cell entry at serum dilution 1:8. All these results suggest a great potential of our PCV2b-2a-based vaccines, which can be further developed for use in other vaccine platforms to achieve both vaccine efficacy and economical production cost. ? 2024 by the authors.
Industrial Classification
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 1
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 2
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 3
License
CC BY
Rights
Authors
Publication Source
WoS