Characterization of centromeric satellite DNAs (MALREP) in the Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) suggests the possible origin of repeats from transposable elements

Abstract

Centromeric satellite DNA (cen-satDNA) sequences of the Asian swamp eel ( Monopterus albus ) were characterized. Three GC-rich cen-satDNA sequences were detected as a 233 bp MALREP-A and a 293 bp MALREP-B localized to all chromosomes, and a 293 bp MALREP-C distributed on eight chromosome pairs. Sequence lengths of MALREP-B and MALREP-C were 60 bp larger than that of MALREP-A, showing partial homology with core sequences (233 bp). Size differences between MALREP-A and MALREP-B/C suggest the possible occurrence of two satDNA families. The presence of an additional 60 bp in MALREP-B/C resulted from an ancient dimer of 233 bp monomers and subsequent mutation and homogenization between the two monomers. All MALREPs showed partial homology with transposable elements (TEs), suggesting that the MALREPs originated from the TEs. The MALREPs might have been acquired in the Asian swamp eel, thereby promoting fixation in the species.