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Fabrication of Sacha Inchi Oil-Loaded Microcapsules Employing Natural-Templated Lycopodium clavatum Spores and Their Pressure-Stimuli Release Behavior
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Document Title
Fabrication of Sacha Inchi Oil-Loaded Microcapsules Employing Natural-Templated Lycopodium clavatum Spores and Their Pressure-Stimuli Release Behavior
Author
Khann B., Polpanich D., Opaprakasit P., Wongngam Y., Thananukul K., Kaewsaneha C.
Affiliations
School of Integrated Science and Innovation, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology (SIIT), Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
ACS Omega
ISSN
24701343
Year
2023
Volume
8
Issue
23
Page
20937-20948
Open Access
All Open Access, Gold, Green
Publisher
American Chemical Society
DOI
10.1021/acsomega.3c01698
Format
Abstract
Polymeric particles have attracted vast attention for use in various fields, especially as drug carriers and cosmetics, due to their excellent ability to protect active ingredients from the environment until reaching a target site. However, these materials are commonly produced from conventional synthetic polymers, which impose adverse effects on the environment due to their non-degradable nature, leading to waste accumulation and pollution in the ecosystem. This work aims to utilize naturally occurring Lycopodium clavatum spores to encapsulate sacha inchi oil (SIO), which contains active compounds with antioxidant activity, by applying a facile passive loading/solvent diffusion-assisted method. Sequential chemical treatments by acetone, potassium hydroxide, and phosphoric acid were employed to remove native biomolecules from the spores before encapsulation effectively. These are mild and facile processes compared to other synthetic polymeric materials. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the clean, intact, and ready-to-use microcapsule spores. After the treatments, the structural morphology of the treated spores remained significantly unchanged compared to the untreated counterparts. With an oil/spore ratio of 0.75:1.00 (SIO@spore-0.75), high encapsulation efficiency and capacity loading values of 51.2 and 29.3%, respectively, were obtained. Using antioxidant assay (DPPH), the IC50 of SIO@spore-0.75 was 5.25 ? 3.04 mg/mL, similar to that of pure SIO (5.51 ? 0.31 mg/mL). Under pressure stimuli (1990 N/cm3, equivalent to a gentle press), a high amount of SIO was released (82%) from the microcapsules within 3 min. At an incubation time of 24 h, cytotoxicity tests showed a high cell viability of 88% at the highest concentration of the microcapsules (10 mg/mL), reflecting biocompatibility. The prepared microcapsules have a high potential for cosmetic applications, especially as functional scrub beads in facial washing products. ? 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
License
CC-BY-NC-ND
Rights
Authors
Publication Source
WOS