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Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches
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Document Title
Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches
Author
Moyadee W., Sunpongsri S., Choowongkomon K., Roytrakul S., Rattanasrisomporn A., Tansakul N., Rattanasrisomporn J.
Affiliations
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), 111 University Ave., Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744 Suranarai Rd., Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States
Type
Article
Source Title
Biosensors
ISSN
20796374
Year
2024
Volume
14
Issue
4
Open Access
All Open Access, Gold
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI
10.3390/bios14040161
Abstract
We designed and optimized a glucose biosensor system based on a screen-printed electrode modified with the NAD-GDH enzyme. To enhance the electroactive surface area and improve the electron transfer efficiency, we introduced graphene oxide (GO) and ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine) (LPEI-Fc) onto the biosensor surface. This strategic modification exploits the electrostatic interaction between graphene oxide, which possesses a negative charge, and LPEI-Fc, which is positively charged. This interaction results in increased catalytic current during glucose oxidation and helps improve the overall glucose detection sensitivity by amperometry. We integrated the developed glucose sensor into a flow injection (FI) system. This integration facilitates a swift and reproducible detection of glucose, and it also mitigates the risk of contamination during the analyses. The incorporation of an FI system improves the efficiency of the biosensor, ensuring precise and reliable results in a short time. The proposed sensor was operated at a constant applied potential of 0.35 V. After optimizing the system, a linear calibration curve was obtained for the concentration range of 1.0–40 mM (R2 = 0.986). The FI system was successfully applied to determine the glucose content of a commercial sports drink. ? 2024 by the authors.
License
CC BY
Rights
Authors
Publication Source
WoS