-
Flavylium-based hypoxia-responsive probe for cancer cell imaging
- Back
Metadata
Document Title
Flavylium-based hypoxia-responsive probe for cancer cell imaging
Author
Pewklang T., Wet-Osot S., Wangngae S., Ngivprom U., Chansaenpak K., Duangkamol C., Lai R.-Y., Noisa P., Sukwattanasinitt M., Kamkaew A.
Name from Authors Collection
Affiliations
School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand; Laboratory of Cell-Based Assays and Innovations, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand; Thailand Nanotec-CU Center of Excellence on Food and Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
Molecules
ISSN
14203049
Year
2021
Volume
26
Issue
16
Open Access
Gold, Green
Publisher
MDPI AG
DOI
10.3390/molecules26164938
Abstract
A hypoxia-responsive probe based on a flavylium dye containing an azo group (AZOFlav) was synthesized to detect hypoxic conditions via a reductase-catalyzed reaction in cancer cells. In in vitro enzymatic investigation, the azo group of AZO-Flav was reduced by a reductase in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) followed by fragmentation to generate a fluorescent molecule, Flav-NH2. The response of AZO-Flav to the reductase was as fast as 2 min with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.4 μM. Moreover, AZO-Flav displayed high enzyme specificity even in the presence of high concentrations of biological interferences, such as reducing agents and biothiols. Therefore, AZO-Flav was tested to detect hypoxic and normoxic environments in cancer cells (HepG2). Compared to the normal condition, the fluorescence intensity in hypoxic conditions increased about 10-fold after 15 min. Prolonged incubation showed a 26-fold higher fluorescent intensity after 60 min. In addition, the fluorescence signal under hypoxia can be suppressed by an electron transport process inhibitor, diphenyliodonium chloride (DPIC), suggesting that reductases take part in the azo group reduction of AZO-Flav in a hypoxic environment. Therefore, this probe showed great potential application toward in vivo hypoxia detection. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Funding Sponsor
Suranaree University of Technology; Thailand Research Fund; National Research Council of Thailand; Thailand Science Research and Innovation
License
CC BY
Rights
Author
Publication Source
Scopus