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Metatranscriptomics Reveals Sequential Expression of Genes Involved in the Production of Melanogenesis Inhibitors by the Defined Microbial Species in Fermented Unpolished Black Rice
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Document Title
Metatranscriptomics Reveals Sequential Expression of Genes Involved in the Production of Melanogenesis Inhibitors by the Defined Microbial Species in Fermented Unpolished Black Rice
Author
Sangkaew O., Prombutara P., Roytrakul S., Yompakdee C.
Affiliations
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Omics Science & Bioinformatics Center, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand; Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
Microbiology Spectrum
ISSN
21650497
Year
2023
Volume
11
Issue
2
Page
-
Open Access
All Open Access, Gold, Green
Publisher
American Society for Microbiology
DOI
10.1128/spectrum.03139-22
Format
Abstract
Fermented products require metabolic enzymes from the microbial community for desired final products. Using a metatranscriptomic approach, the role of microorganisms in fermented products on producing compounds with a melanogenesis inhibition activity has not yet been reported. Previously, unpolished black rice (UBR) fermented with the E11 starter containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, Rhizopus oryzae, and Pediococcus pentosaceus (FUBR) showed potent melanogenesis inhibition activity. This study aimed to investigate the function of these defined microbial species in producing melanogenesis inhibitors in the FUBR using a metatranscriptomic approach. The melanogenesis inhibition activity increased in a fermentation time-dependent manner. Genes related to melanogenesis inhibitors synthesis such as carbohydrate metabolism, amino acids synthesis, fatty acids/unsaturated fatty acids synthesis, and carbohydrate transporters were analyzed. Most genes from R. oryzae and P. pentosaceus were upregulated in the early stage of the fermentation process, while those of S. cerevisiae and S. fibuligera were upregulated in the late stage. FUBR production using different combinations of the four microbial species shows that all species were required to produce the highest activity. The FUBR containing at least R. oryzae and/or P. pentosaceus exhibited a certain level of activity. These findings were in agreement with the metatranscriptomic results. Overall, the results suggested that all four species sequentially and/or coordinately synthesized metabolites during the fermentation that led to a FUBR with maximum melanogenesis inhibition activity. This study not only sheds light on crucial functions of certain microbial community on producing the melanogenesis inhibitors, but also paves the way to initiate quality improvement of melanogenesis inhibition activity in the FUBR. Copyright © 2023 Sangkaew et al.
Funding Sponsor
Chulalongkorn University
Publication Source
WOS