-
The anticancer effects of fdi‐6, a foxm1 inhibitor, on triple negative breast cancer
- Back
Metadata
Document Title
The anticancer effects of fdi‐6, a foxm1 inhibitor, on triple negative breast cancer
Author
Ulhaka K., Kanokwiroon K., Khongkow M., Bissanum R., Khunpitak T., Khongkow P.
Name from Authors Collection
Affiliations
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; National Nanotechnology Centre (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN
16616596
Year
2021
Volume
22
Issue
13
Open Access
Green
Publisher
MDPI
DOI
10.3390/ijms22136685
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) presents an important clinical challenge, as it does not respond to endocrine therapies or other available targeting agents. FOXM1, an oncogenic transcriptional factor, has reported to be upregulated and associated with poor clinical outcomes in TNBC patients. In this study, we investigated the anti‐cancer effects of FDI‐6, a FOXM1 inhibitor, as well as its molecular mechanisms, in TNBC cells. Two TNBC cell lines, MDA‐MB‐231 and HS578T, were used in this study. The anti‐cancer activities of FDI‐6 were evaluated using various 2D cell culture assays, including Sulforhodamine B (SRB), wound healing, and transwell invasion assays together with 3D spheroid assays, mimicking real tumour structural properties. After treatment with FDI‐6, the TNBC cells displayed a significant inhibition in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Increased apoptosis was also observed in the treated cells. In addition, we found that FDI‐ 6 lead to the downregulation of FOXM1 and its key oncogenic targets, including CyclinB1, Snail, and Slug. Interestingly, we also found that the FDI‐6/Doxorubicin combination significantly en-hanced the cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties, suggesting that FDI‐6 might improve chemotherapy treatment efficacy and reduce unwanted side effects. Altogether, FDI‐6 exhibited promising anti‐tumour activities and could be developed as a newly effective treatment for TNBC. © 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keyword
Anti‐cancer effects | FDI‐6 | FOXM1 | Triple negative breast cancer
Funding Sponsor
Prince of Songkla University; Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University
License
CC BY
Rights
Author
Publication Source
Scopus