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VOCs from Exhaled Breath for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
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Document Title
VOCs from Exhaled Breath for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Author
Sukaram T. Apiparakoon T. Tiyarattanachai T. Ariyaskul D. Kulkraisri K. Marukatat S. Rerknimitr R. Chaiteerakij R.
Affiliations
Program in Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand; Image Processing and Understanding Team Artificial Intelligence Research Group National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation and Endoscopy in Gastrointestinal Oncology Division of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Type
Article
Source Title
Diagnostics
ISSN
20754418
Year
2023
Volume
13
Issue
2
Open Access
All Open Access Gold Green
Publisher
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DOI
10.3390/diagnostics13020257
Abstract
Background: Volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are understudied. We aimed to identify VOCs from the exhaled breath for HCC diagnosis and compare the performance of VOCs to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The performance of VOCs for predicting treatment response and the association between VOCs level and survival of HCC patients were also determined. Methods: VOCs from 124 HCC patients and 219 controls were identified using the XGBoost algorithm. ROC analysis was used to determine VOCs performance in differentiating HCC patients from controls and in discriminating treatment responders from non-responders. The association between VOCs and the survival of HCC patients was analyzed using Cox proportional hazard analysis. Results: The combination of 9 VOCs yielded 70.0% sensitivity 88.6% specificity and 75.0% accuracy for HCC diagnosis. When differentiating early HCC from cirrhotic patients acetone dimer had a significantly higher AUC than AFP i.e. 0.775 vs. 0.714 respectively p = 0.001. Acetone dimer classified HCC patients into treatment responders and non-responders with 95.7% sensitivity 73.3% specificity and 86.8% accuracy. Isopropyl alcohol was independently associated with the survival of HCC patients with an adjusted hazard ratio of 7.23 (95%CI: 1.36�.54) p = 0.020. Conclusions: Analysis of VOCs is a feasible noninvasive test for diagnosing and monitoring HCC treatment response. ? 2023 by the authors.
Industrial Classification
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 1
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 2
Knowledge Taxonomy Level 3
License
CC BY
Rights
Authors
Publication Source
WOS